The Risks of Public Wi-Fi & Tips On How To Stay Safe

​In today's hyper-connected world, public Wi-Fi has become an essential aspect of our daily lives. They are nearly everywhere - whether at a coffee shop, airport, or shopping mall, it's easy to connect to the internet without using our cellular data. However, beneath the convenience lies a shadowy realm of risks, and could leave you vulnerable to cyberattacks. 

Let’s embark on a journey to unmask the real dangers of public Wi-Fi and how to stay safe on public Wi-Fi when it is necessary. 


Why Is Public Wi-Fi Not Safe To Use? 

Public Wi-Fi networks often lack a security measure - encryption, which encrypts your information sent from your device or computer to the router so strangers cannot read it. Without encryption, your information (e.g. identity information, banking, social media accounts and passwords) that is sent over these networks can be intercepted by cybercriminals, they can spy on you, and even take over your online accounts. 

Did you know? That 43% of respondents had their online security compromised while using public Wi-Fi? This includes either their information being compromised or had malicious software unknowingly installed by the cybercriminals. Furthermore, the majority of respondents had their online security compromised on airport (23%) and cafe/restaurant public Wi-Fi (25%).   


The Dangers of Public Wi-Fi ​

1. Man-in-the-Middle Attacks (MitM)

This is one of the most common threats in Public Wi-Fi. Essentially, a MitM attack is a form of eavesdropping, whereby bad actors break into a network and “read” the data that is transmitted between the connected devices and the Wi-Fi router. What does this mean? This means that what you thought is private, is no longer private. They can “read” your passwords as soon as you enter into any of your online accounts. 


2. Sniffling Attacks 
Public Wi-Fi networks are a goldmine for hackers who can intercept and analyse unencrypted data packets, which are data units that are sent across unsecured Wi-Fi. This can potentially reveal your sensitive information as they can unpack the data to extract your login credentials or financial information. 


3. Identity Theft 

One of the greatest risks of using public Wi-Fi is getting your identity stolen. Cybercriminals can easily retrieve your information via public Wi-Fi to create targeted cyberattacks and phishing attacks, or enter into your online accounts. What can cybercriminals do via public Wi-Fi? They can: 

• Retrieve location information about where you have been recently 
• Retrieve personal information about you 
• Retrieve financial information about your bank and credit accounts. ​

4. Malware Distribution 

Using public Wi-Fi without any protection (such as VPN) makes it easy for cybercriminals to infect your device with malware, a malicious software without your knowledge. 

What can also happen is that malicious websites can automatically download malware to your devices that are connected to the public Wi-Fi, compromising your security. 


5. Snooping For Your Data 

Public Wi-Fi networks are very vulnerable to cybercriminals looking for sensitive documents such as 2FA codes, your banking passwords and account, and confidential documents. 

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6. Evil Twin Attacks: Malicious Hotspots 

Hackers set up fake malicious hotspots with similar names to reputable ones or ones that look trustworthy such as Cafe Free Wi-Fi. This tricks users into connecting and exposing your data. Once you connect to these malicious hotspots, they can easily intercept your data. Hackers can then harvest the personal and financial data from devices connected to these malicious hotspots. 


7. Inject Phishing Attacks To Target You 

Attackers can intercept network traffic and bombard users with phishing attacks in the form of phishing emails, voicemails, text messages. Attackers can also prompt users to enter login credentials, which are then stolen for malicious purposes. 

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How Do We Stay Safe On Public Wi-Fi? 

Ideally, if we want to stay completely safe, the best thing to do is NOT connect to public Wi-Fi. However, there are instances whereby we have no choice but to use public Wi-Fi, so here are some ways in which you can do to ensure that your data and accounts stay secure and safe: 


Before Connecting To Public Wi-Fi 

• Use VPN (& make sure it’s turned on!). This ensures that an extra layer of security is added to your connection. 
• Clear your browsing history and cache. 
• Always ensure your operating systems, browsers and software are up to date. Always update to the latest version as updates often include important security patches that can protect you from a range of cyber threats. 
• Use an anti-virus software (and ensure it’s running!) 
• Use Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for all important accounts. This prevents snooping of passwords. 
• Turn off bluetooth discoverability settings. This helps ensure that cybercriminals will not be able to force your device to connect to theirs. 
• Turn off the “Connect Automatically” feature on your devices. This ensures that your device does not automatically connect to available public hotspots and search for them. Doing this can prevent your devices from publicising that you are trying to connect to a network, and prevents falling from a bogus network with a seemingly trustworthy wifi.  
• Turn off file sharing. If it’s not turned off, your folders may be accessible to anyone connected to the same public network. This will allow cybercriminals to access your files without your knowledge. ​

While Using Public Wi-Fi

• Avoid accessing sensitive information. If you need to get online to browse for less sensitive information such as needing the map, it is ok to use public Wi-Fi. However, if you are trying to pay your bills or access your online banking account, it may be best to not use public Wi-Fi. Other sensitive information also includes typing in your passwords, credit card details and home addresses.
• Stick to the HTTPS website. Remember the ‘S’ stands for Secure. Website addresses with HTTPS means it is encrypted, hence this adds an extra layer of security and makes browsing more secure. 
• Connect to networks offered by entities you can tie to a physical location only. This helps reduce the possibility of accidentally using malicious hotspots. 
• Ensure to log out of accounts that you don’t intend to use while online. 
• Close/Quit apps that you don’t intend to use while online. ​

After Disconnecting From Public Wi-Fi

• Scan devices using antivirus software. This helps to detect any malware that might have been injected into your devices. 
• Ensure your device will “Forget Network”. This prevents your devices from automatically reconnecting to the network if you are ever in range. 

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Conclusion 

While the convenience of public Wi-Fi is alluring, it's crucial to recognize the risks that come with it. By understanding the hidden dangers and implementing prudent cybersecurity measures, you can navigate the digital landscape securely. Remember, awareness is your strongest armour against the unseen threats that lurk in the shadows of free internet. Stay informed, stay vigilant, and safeguard your online journey.


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